Toxicity of the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) to 10 species of algae

The lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM), has been used extensively to control larvae of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Great Lakes. While the toxicity of TFM to lamprey is well documented (IFC, no. 44), its effects and those of mixtures of TFM with Bayer 73 (2-aminoethanol salt of 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide) on other organisms are unknown. The toxicity of Bayer 73 to fish was reported in IFC, no. 19. These papers are concerned with the effects of TFM on selected species of algae and of TFM, Bayer 73, and/or mixtures of the two on selected invertebrates under laboratory conditions. These papers, and others in the series, will by used to support petitions for registration to permit the continued use of lampricides.